Speed and power transmitting mechanism.



G. S. KELLOGG. SPEED AND POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 13, 1908.

Patented De0.2,191 3.

. d m mz n HZ H we m u %\S H s M ATTORNEYS C. S; KELLOGG. SPEED ANDPOWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM.

' APPLIOATION FILED IEB.13, 1908.

1,080,282. Patented Dec. 2, 1913.

v 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 WITNESSES 7 WE m W, C M77#- Charles SZTQZZg gi 1 BY IZ drrolmsrs G. S. KELLOGG.

SPEED AND POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM. APPLICATION IILEDJEBJH, 1908.

1,080,282. Patented Dec. 2,1913.

' WITNESSES [NI/EN TOR WC Maw U/aarZes SJfZZq gi 4 TTURNEVS I O. S.KELLOGG. v SPEED AND POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM.

Patented Dec. 2, 1913.

4 BHEETS -SHEET 4 APPLIGATION FILED FEB. 13, 1908 IN VEN T0]? CkarZes45. ZZZggf W1 7 To all whom it may concern:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES snow KELLOGG, or mom'omm, mew JERSEY.

SPEED AND POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM;

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented 111202, 1913.

Application filed February 13, 1908. Serial No. 515,691.

speed, and for controlling such transmission, between a driving anddriven member.

The invention is adapted, further, to act asa brake on eitherthe'driving or d ven members, to produce a free slip of eith r of saidmembers, to produce either a direct or reverse rotation of the drivenmember with respect to 'the driving member, or to permit reverserotationof the driving member without varying the direction of rotationof the driven member.

A liquid, such as wateror oil, is employed as the medium forcommunicating motion from one part to another, and, also, as the mediumfor operating a hydrostatic brake device. I

The mechanism is capable of use in the several arts where it is desiredt0-commu-.

nicate motion, speed, or power, from one part or element to another partor element, but it"is particularly adapted for, use on tractionvehicles, such as automobiles. shall hereinafter describe the inventionas used in connection-with an automobile, but it is to be understoodthat I do not restrict myself to its use in this particular field.

The mechanism, generally stated, embodies a rotatable chambered memberor element, hereinafter termed a casing, a pump, or plurality of pumps,cotiperating with said casing and the driving member, and a pump, orplurality of pumps, coopcrating, also, with the casing and with thedriven member, and passages for liquid cooperating with the casing andthe aforesaid P P i In a further embodiment of the invention there isemployed hydrostatic and mechani' cal means for controlling, regulating,or restraining the. rotation of the casing, and, also, forcontrolling,regulating, or restrain: ing, the relative rotation of the casing withrelation to the driving and driven members, individually or severally.'H The pump or pumps coiiperatingwith the driven member and the casingoperate to exhausted by one pump for the operation dlrection, speed, orexistence of rotation, between said driving member and said casing; andthe pump or pumps cooperating with the driving member and the. casingcannot operate to pump liquid, nor can said pump or pumps be operated bythe liquid, to ,secure direct drive, unless there exists a variation indirection, speed, or existence of rotation, between said driving memberand said casing.

In the preferred form of the invention a pump of that type is employedwherein the pumping capacity may be regulatedor varied, and thedischargeand intake reversed, although,, i t will be obvious that pumps notpossessing the foregoing functions may be employed, and the reversal of.the intake and discharge accomplished by any well known valve mechanism.

The specific type of umps which I contemplate using are of t ereciprocating pispump liquid when there is a variation in ton variety,ach pump having a plurality of piston chambers in which reciprocatingpistons operate, the pistons of each pump traveling in contact with acam or an abutment. The piston chambers ofone pump (or pumps) connect,by suitable liquid assages', with the piston chambers of the other pump(or pumps) in such manner that the llquid is forced by the operation ofone set of pistons to act on the other set of pistons so as to drive thelatter, the liquid being returned to the piston chambers of the drivingpump by suction established therein on t whereby the liquid isalternately forced and of the other pump, the liquid being circulatedrepeatedly through the pump chambers' and the connecting passages.

The flow of liquid between the pumpswis e reverse stroke of the pistons,

controlled, permitted, or stopped, by the simple-operation of a "valvemechanism which may be adjusted at-will, regardless of whether thecasing is at rest or in motion; and, furthermore, saidvalveamechanism isadapted to regulate'the quantity ofliquid permitted to circulate betweenthe 'pum s, thus aifording one meansfor changingt e speed ratio-of thetwo pumps with respect to the automobile, or ground, and,-

consequently,- of .the' driving and driven l1 shafts; Furthermore, it ispreferred*(although not essential) to r abutment of either or both pumpsadjust-i make the cam oryp'i able to different positions relative to theplane of the pump cylinders, whereby the stroke of the pistons may bevaried, either on. direct or backward drive, from full stroke to ml. Thecapacity of the pump or liquid in said pressure mechanism is forced bythe operation of the pump to act onpistons which operate to change theposition of thecam orabutment, the direction of flow of the liquid beingcontrolled by an appropriate valve. With said liquid cam-adjustingmechanism is associated a regulator, adapted to secure a normal flow ofthe liquid in one direction only, irrespective of the direction in whichthe driving pump isv operating, and, also, irrespective of the relativespeed of the engine and car.

The employment of a fluid operatedtransmitting apparatus in connectionwith aneautomobile of that class which is driven by an internalcombustion engine gives rise to certain practical difliculties owing,mainly, to the facts that the engine. shaft runs constantly in onedirection, at a speed which may be either uniform or variable; that itis necessary to propel the driven shaft of the automobile at varyingspeeds relative to that of the engine shaft; to start and stop thedriven shaft at will, the latter running under either high or slowspeed, while per- Initting the engine shaft to run at its normal speed;to secure a direct drive of the car from the engine shaft by couplingthe driven 'shaft to said engine shaft for rotation as a unit; and toreverse the direction of rota- .tion of the driven shaft relative to theengine shaft, and to act as a brake upon the driven shaft, and hence theear. These con- 'ditions, among others, are accomplished by myinvention.

As heretofore stated, briefly, the invention embodies means for holdingthe casingagainst rotation, said means being in the form, either, of avmanually operated brake or clutch, or an automatic brake or clutch; itbeing preferred, however, to employ both forms of brakes or clutches. Ifurther contemplate the employment of means for mechanically connectingthe casing to the driving or driven shafts, or both,'or means fordirectly coupling the two shafts, whereby the entire apparatus isadapted to rotate with the shafts on direct drive without internalrelative motion. Any one or more of said coupling devices may beemployed.

In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated different practicalembodiments of the invention, but the constructions shown therein are tobe understood as illus' trative, only, and-not as defining the limits ofthe invention.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through a transmittingapparatus embodying the present invention, the plane of the sectionbeing indicated by the irregular line 1-1 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is avertical cross section on" the line 22 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontaldetail section illustrating the valve mechanism for controlling the flowof liquid between the pumps, the plane of the.section being indicated bythe dotted line 3-3 of Fig. '2. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section onthe line 4-4: of Fig. 1 showing certain parts of the apparatus in.elevation. Fig. 5 is a vertical cross section illustrating the means formounting the pump cam or abutment in the rotatory casing. Fig. 6 is aview, partly in vertical sectionand partly in perspective, showing therelation of the valve mechanism to the rotatory casing and the two setsof cylinders of the driving and driven pumps. Fig. 7 is a plan view ofthe left hand portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 illustratingmeansfor operatingthe several valves. Fig. 8 isa vertical crosssectional elevation, thepla ne of the section being indicated by thedotted line 8- 8 of Fig. 7. Fig. 9, is a horizontal section on the line9-9 of Fig. 8 illustrating a part of the fluid regulator used inconnection with the 4 fluid operated means'for'adjusting the pump cam orabutment. Fig. 10 is an elevation, partly in section, showingtheapparatus equipped with a plurality of brake mechanisms, and Fig. 11 isacross section showing one form of an automatic brake which however, isreleasable at will. i

A, B, designate two shafts which areshown as terminating quite close toeach other and as being arranged "in alinement, although the particularrelation of the two shafts is not material. will. hereinafter designatethesha t, A, as the driving shaft or the driving lement,

For convenience I v whereas the shaft, B, will be termed the drivenshaft or driven element.

' C desi ates a hollow member hereinbefore an hereinafter termed thecasing.

Said casing consists of two hollow parts 0; c", and a head, 0 Thepartscomposing the casing are shown asbeing assembled in coaxialrelationywiththe head, 0 between the 'hollow sections a, ,0, it,being'preferi'ed to provide said hollow sections and the head withflanges, 0 through whichflanges are passed the bolts, cfltwhereby thehollow sec tions and the head areunited intoa'single structure. Thehollow sections, 0, 0', are

' "chambers, d which are provided with ports; 'indicated at (1 d, d, andin thechambers,

closed at their ends distant from the intermediate head, 0?, and saidclosed end portions of the hollow sections are provided with sleeves orbearings, 0?, adapted to fit loosely on the sh afts,'A, B, ,whereby theentire casing, C,.is mounted in co-axial relation to the shafts, A, B,and said casing is loose or rotatable with respect to both of the shaftsand the machine or other apparatus in connection with which thetransmission mechanism is used.

The hollow sections, 0, c, of the casing, C, form chambers, d, d, ontherespective sides of the'intermediate head, c'fiand'these chambersaccommodate pumps indicated generally by the reference characters, D, E.As shown, the pump, D, is operated by'the drivin shaft, A, so that itmay be termed the driving pump, whereas the other pump, E, is combinedwith the driven shaft, B, for the purpose of propelling said shaft, B,the

.two pumps beingso related that the pump,

E, is operated by the fluid forced into its piston chambers by the pump,D, or vice 'versa when braking.

The intermediate head, 0 of thev rotatable casing, C, is constructed tosupport for rotation the pump chambers for the two pumps, D, E, a liquidcircuit connecting said pump chambers 1n a peculiar mannergand a valvemechanism adapted to control the circulation of fluid from one pump tothe other and through the liquid circuit; said head, 0 also looselyreceiving the inner adjacent ends of the driving and driven shafts, A,B, respectively. a

Within the chamber, D, and in engagement with-one face or side of thehead, 0 is a pump barrel, (1 the latter being made fast with the shaft,A, by suitable means, such as the key or feather, d Said pump barrel isprovided with a-series of piston d of said pump barrel operate the reciprocating pistons, df, the latter being connected by the pitmen 10 to therotating member 11. Said; member is connected by a uni-- versal j omtpresently descri bed to the shaft,

A, and as the pump barrel, (Z and the member 11 are both connected tothe shaft, A, sa1d parts are adapted to rotate with said shaft,thuskeepingthe chambers, dyof the eration of the pistons.

rotatory barrel in predetermined relation to the rotatory member'll forthe proper op- The ports, (2 d, d, of the rotatory pump barrel, d, areadapted to register successively with the channels 17 18 of aliquidcircuit whichis provided in the head, 0, .between the two sets of-pistonchambers ofthe pumps, D, E, one of the orts, such as (1", being in anidle or cut-0% relation to the channels .of the liquid circuit. Saidmemher is shown as having ball bearing engagement, D, is provided withtrunnions 13 with a channel 17 which is provided in the nient 12 with apump cam or abutment, D, thelatter 'losely encirclin the shaft, A, andmounted so as to be shi able with relation to said shaft-aid to theplane of the pump pistons, d. The pump cam or abutwhich are mounted inthe opposite side fportions of the section, a, forming a part 0 therotatory casing, C, see Fig. 5. The pump cam or abutment, D, normallyoccupies a 5 fixed redetermmedrelation to the caslng, 7

C-,- alt ough said pump cam is adapted to be moved on its pivots 13 todifferent inclined positions, or to a. position perpendicular to thedriving shaft, A,and, furthermore, said pump cam is supported in thecasing, C, for rotation therewith. The rotary member 11 is so connectedto the pump cam, D, that it normally remains in engagement therewith,

and this member 11 is connected by a universal joint to the drivingshaft, A; The universal joint is composed of a ring 14 normally lyingwithin the rotating member head, 0 of the'casing; The other ports, (1,

of certain pump chambers, (P, are shown as communicating withanothercha'nnel 18 also formed in the head, 0 thetwo channels 17,

18 being of. the curved form shown in Fig. 1

2, and located on opposite sides of the shafts,

A, B, but the relation of the ports tothe channel changes constantly onthe rotation of the pump.

In the chamber, d of the casing, C, is ar- 11o ranged a pump barrel, 6,forming a part of the driven pump, E, said barrel being made fast by akey or feather, c, with the driven shaft, B. Said pump barrel, 6, isnormally in engagement with. that face or side of the head, 0*,opp0siteto the pumpbarrel, d whereby the two pump barrels engage with therespective surfaces of the head, 0

so as to be normally in fluid tight connection therewith. The barrehe,of the driven 12o pump is provided with a series of piston chambers,6'', having the ports, 6 ct, e", the

latter' being adapted to register with the, channels 17, 18 of theliquid circuit in the head, 0 whereby the fluid forced from certaincylinders, d of the driyen pump, D, may enter certain cylinders, e, ofthe driven pump while at the same time the fluid may be exhausted fromother cylinders, e, of the driven pump into other-cylinders of thedriving pump. The pistons, are provided with pitmen 19 which are pivotedto a rotatingmember 20 of a cam or abutment 21,

the latter being fitted loosely on the driven 5 shaft, B. The rotatingmember 20 is connected by a universal joint 22 to the driven shaft, B,for the purpose of communicating the motion of the pistons, 0 to saidshaft, B; The abutment 21 is pivotally mounted in the section, 0', ofthe casing, C, in a similar way to the abutment, D, of'the pump, 1), andthe member 20 of the pump, E, is connected to'the abutment 21 and to theshaft, B, similarly to the connection of the member 11 to the abutment,D, of the first named pump, I). The cylinders, e, of the driven pumpterminate in ports, 6, e, a, see Fig. 6. The ports, (2, of'a number ofcylinders are'shown as communicating with the channel l7 the ports, a,of another number of cylinders, e, communicating with the other channel18, and the port, 6, is opposite to the port, 0 all as shown in, Fig. 6,the relation of the ports to the channels 17, 18 being changed on therotation of the pump.

From the foregoing, it will be noted that the apparatus is provided witha pump operated by the driving shaft and, further-- more, with anotherpump cooperating with the driven shaft for the purpose of impartingmotion thereto. The pistons, d, of the pump, D, are reciprocated in thechambers, (P, by the member 11 rotating with the shaft, A, said member11 being operated by the cam or abutment, D, so as to impart the desiredreciprocating motion to the piston, d. During each rotation of theelement 11, the series of pistons are moved back and forth inthechambers, and on the out stroke of certain pistons, (Zfl'the fluid isforced through ihe passage 17 into certain chambers, e, of the drivenpump, E, and simultaneously .with, this operation the fluid is exhaustedfrom other chambers of the pump, E, and drawn into the correspondingchambers of the pump, 1). whereby the fluid is caused to circulate backand forth between the chambers of the two pumps. The pump, D, beingpositively operated by the driving shaft, A, the fluid is forced underpressure against the pistons of the pump, E, and the motion of thepistons is communicated by the rotating member 20 to the shaft, B, forthe purpose of driving the latter. The circulation of the fluid betweenthe pumps, and through the liquid circuit formed by the channels 17, 18and in the head, 0 of the casing, C, takes place when said channels arepartly or-wholly unobstructed, but .for the purpose of controlling andregulating the circulation of thefluid between: said pumps, theapparatus is equipped with an appropriate valve mechanism, the latterbe- 6 mg operated at will agndg re'gardless of the condition of thecasing, C, that is to say, the valve mechanism is adapted to be operatedeither when the casing is at rest or in motion. In Figs. 3, (3 and 7 ofthe drawings l have shown one form of valve mechanism suitable for thepurposes of the present invention, and reference willnow be made to saidfigures in connection with the followinf ('lcscription. I

The channels 17,18 are enlarged between two sets of pump chambers, (land 0", said enlarged portions forming-the valve seats, f. These valveseats are occupied by the valves, F ,'and are preferably of the conicalform shown in Fig. 6, each valve being provided with a port, 7', shownin Fig. As shown in-Fig. 6, each valve is provided, furthermore, with astem 23 held in place by a nut 24., and from the other end of the valveextends a shaft 25. The shaftsof the valves are provided with the arms26, see Fig. 7, and these arms are connected by av link 27 whereby thevalves are operated simultaneously. Suitable means are provided foroperating the valves by hand or foot power, and as shown in Fig. 7, therock shaft of one valve is provided in addition to the arm 26 withanother arm 28, the free end of which is connected loosely at 29 to anoperating rod 30. Said rod extends lengthwise of the apparatus and isguided in suitable opcnings provided in the rotating cas ing, C, one endof said rod being connected to a short arm 31' of a sliding collar 32,the latter fitting loosely on one of the shafts, A or B. Whenthe valvesare adjusted to the positions shown in Figs. 3 and 7 the solid partsthereof close the channels 17, 18 so as to prevent the fluid fromcirculating ,between the two sets of piston chambers of the 30 may beoperated to open the two valves, F,- simultaneously, thus permitting theliquid to circulate from the piston chambers of one pump to the pistonchambers of the other pump and vice versa.

Any suitable means may be employed for adjusting the cam or abutmentofthe pumps, or either of them, and in the drawings, I have shown meansfor mechanically adjusting one of the pump cams or abutments, and fluidoperated means for adjusting the other cam or abutment. The mechanicallyoperated means for this purpose is shownjn connection with the'cam or:iputment 21 of the right hand pump, E, in

igh 1. which passes loosely through a stuffing box 34, the latterbeing-provided in the closed end portion of the section, a, forming apart of the rotatable casing, C. The inner part of said rod is attachedto a collar 36, the latter being slidable loosely on the pumps, D, E,but it is evident that the rod Saidmeans consists of a rod 33 endof thisrod is connected by a link 35, to the abutment or cam 21, whereas theouterv driven shaft, B. Said collar may be opermechanically operateddevice, or a fluid operated device, and that when two pumps-areemployed, I may employ either of said means for adjusting the cam orabutment of the driving pump, the cam or abutment of the driven pumpbeing fixed with relation to the casing.

The closed end portion of the section, 0, forming one part of therotatable casing, C, is provided with the piston chambers 39,40,

- in which operate the pistons 41, 42, one of which pistons is connectedby a link 43 to the abutment .or cam, D, whereas the other piston isconnected by the link 44 to the cam or abutment, D, said links, 43, 44,being connected pivotally to said abutment at opposite points thereof.From the chambers 39, 40 lead passages 45, 46 which, as shown in Fig.4,'meet at a common point so as to produce a valve seat 47. Said valveseat is occupied by a two-way reversing valve 48 which is form, and isprovided with astem 49. The valve stem carries. an arm 50 to which ispivoted a link 51, the other end of which is connected to one arm of abell crank lever 52, said lever being in turn connected by a link 53, toa grooved collar 54, the latter being slidable on one of the shafts,such as the driving shaft, A, see Figs. 7 and 8. From that part of thevalve seat 47 which communicates with the passage 45 leading to thepiston chamber 39 extends a cross passage 54, the latter 'couununicatingwith a longitudinal passage 55.which is on the underside of the section,0, the forward end of said passage 55 opening into a. transverse passage56 which communicates with the channel 17 of the fluid circuit. From theother. side of the valve seat 47 .which communicates with the pas-- sage46 leading "to'the. piston chamber 40 extends a passage '58 whichextends out of the path of the passage 45 and opensintoj V thelongitudinal'passage'59', on the under'."

side of the casing, C, see-Fig. 4. This-passage 59, shown dotted linesin Fig. .1, ex

tends parallelto-the passage 55, and. at-its other end it connects -withthe transverse passage 60 which extends 'upwardlyfl'intocommunication'fwith the channel 18,v see Fig;

. In thepassa'ge 55 is seated a check valve 13in the other passage- 59.is seated a check alve 62, arranged to an opposite preferably of" theplugof the casing, (3,

direction to the valve 61; between the passages 55, 59, is a wall 63having a single port adapted to be closed by a check valve 64, thelatter. working at right anglesto the valves 61, 62, and adapted to beseated by pressure of the fluid inone passage and to be opened bysuction or pressure of fluid in the other passage; andconnectiug the twopassages 55,59, is a by pass passage 65, terminating at its ends inports 66, 67, which open into the respective passages 55, 59, at pointson opposite sides of the valves 61, 62,

said'by pass having a check valve 68 (see' dotted lines in Fig. 9 andfull lines in Fig. 1.)

Assuming that the pump, D, is forcing the fluid into the pump, E, thatthe abut-- ment or cam, D, is adjusted to the position of Fig. 1, andthat the valve 48 is in the position shown in Fig. 4, to blockcommunication of passage '46 with 54, and, also, to block communicationof passage .45 with 58, there is maintained in the apparatus a currentof liquid under pressure extendmg from the chamber 17, through thepassages 56, 55, 54, 45 and in the chamber 39 so as to exert pressureagainst the piston 41 for the purpose of retaining the abutment D in aninclined operative position. The pressure of the column of liquid actsconstantly and substantially uniformly against piston 41 so as topreclude any movement of said 'piston to'theleftin Fig. 1, wherebyabutment D is held against movement under pressure of the series of pumppistons, the pressure of said liquid column acting, also,

to .hold open check valves 61, 62 and to close the valves 64, 68. At thesame time,

the fluid is exhausted from the chamber 40 by feason of saidchamberbeing in communication with'the "channel -18 of the liquid circuit, suchcommunication being estab-' lislied through the passages 46, 58, 59 and60, whereby the. pump, D operates to ma1ntain-a'liqu'id current underpressure in the chamber 39 and to exhaust fluid from the other chamber40. I R

For changing the piston of the pump abutment or cam, D, it is onlynecessary to adjust the valve 48 of Fig. 4 so as to ex haust fluid fromthe chamber 39 and force it into the chamber 40, thus reversing thepositionsof the pistons 41, 42. Such reversal of the valve 48 blockscommunication between-passage'45 with 54, and, alsof thelco'mmunicationof passage 46 with 58, and thereby places the'passage 54 intocommunication with, the passage 46 and the passage 45 is made toc0m1ectwith .the passage 58, whereby the column of fluid from one side'of the check valve 61 in the passage 55 exerts pressureon the piston 42in the chamber 40 and the liquid is exhausted from the chamber 39 inwhich operates the piston 41.

Under these conditions the column of liquid whereby the capacity of thepump may be circuit, said column extending, also, through the passages60, 59 as far as the check valve (52, the pressure closing said valve(32 and opening the valve 64 so that the fluid passes thence to thevalve 61 so as to close the latter and passthrough a part of the passagethence to the passages 54 and 46 to the chamber 40 for forcing thepiston 42 to a reverse position of Fig. 1. At the same time the fluid isexhausted from the cylinder 39 through the passages 45, 58, a part ofthe passage 59, the port 66, the by pass 65, through the port 67 andthence to the channel 17. From this it will be seen that from the checkvalve 61 to the reversing valve 48 there is always a column of liquidwhich exerts its pressure in one direction only for the purpose ofmoving either of the pistons 41 or 42 according to the position of thevalve 48, and this is true regardless of the position of the pump cam orabutment, D, which reverses the action of the pump, D, that is, it makesone channel, 17 the pressure channel and the other channel 18 theexhaust channel in the position of the, parts shown in the drawings, buta reversal of the cam or abutment, D, to the opposite inclination ofFig. 1 makes the channel 18 the pressure channel and 17 the exhaustchannel. The described mechanism thus provides for retaining the pumpcam or abutment in a fixed position relative to the pump barrel by theaction of fluid pressure; furthermore, by the adjustment of a simplevalve, the position of the cam or abutment may be reversed by the actionof fluid under pressure so as to reverse the operation of the pump; and,furthermore, the valve may be manipulated so as to let more or -lessfluid pass into one or the other of the chambers 39 or 40 so as to movethe pistons and the cam or abutment to any required position,

varied Jy regulating the stroke of the pistons, the volume of the liquidin the liquid column being so controlled by valve 48 that said liquidcolumn will move the abutment to the required position and willthereafter operate to retain said abutment in the position to which itis adjustedor said abutment or cam may be moved to a positionperpendicular to the shaft, A, thus practically throwing the pump out ofoperation by ceas ng to impart reciprocating motion to the pistons, 03.

In connection with the rotatory member or casing, C, it is'preferred toemploy means for holding the same from rotation.. Two braking mechanismsare employed for this purpose, one being a brake adapted to be appliedat will into frictional engagement with the casing, and the other beingan automatic brake adapted to restrain the casing from rotating in abackward direction. The

first brake is shown as a band brake, G, conequipped with pivoted shoes,H, see Figs.

10 and 11, which shoes normally occupy suchrelation to the casing, C, asto be brought. into frictional engagement therewith when said casing hasa tendency to turn in a backward direction, under certain conditions ofuse. These shoes, H, are so mounted on the brake band that they permitthe casing, C, to turn without restraint in a forward direction, but thebrake band, H, and its shoes, H, may be moved out of co.- operativerelation to the casing, C, by expanding the band, H, to such diameterthat the shoes, H, cannot engage therewith, such expansion of the brakeband being accomplished at will by suitable mechanical appliances.

For direct drive of the apparatus, 6. e. when the shafts, A, B,-rotateat the same speed to utilize the full power ofithe engine, it ispreferred to employ means for causing the several mechanisms to rotateas a unit, thus relaxing ressure on the liquid and minimizing lea rage.It is well known that automobiles are driven about 90 per cent. of thetime they are in use on direct drive, hence an important part of theinvention is the rotatory-casing, C, and means whereby said casing'isadapted to rotate as a unitwith the shafts, A, B. Such result issecured, if desiredyby closing the valves, F,

to arrest the circulation of liquid in the' circuit, so that the casing,C, the pump, E, and the shaft, B, are rotated with the shaft, A, at thespeed of the latter; but .under such conditions, the liquid is placedunder pressure and is liable to leak, hence I make pro- ,vi'sion formechanically coupling the pa ts, in order to relax the liquid pressure.The result sought after may be secured in a variety of-ways; first, bycoupling the easing, C, to the shafts, A, B, and, second, by couplingthe shafts, A, B, directly to each other. .In Fig. 10, the clutches, I,J, are mounted near the end portions of the drum so as to engage withthe shafts, A, B, respectively. These clutches may be of any suitableconstruction, and they may be operated independently or conjointly, asdesired, by suitable shipping levers. Again, the clutch, K, may bemounted on the end portion of one of the shafts, as A, and this clutchis adjusted by an appropriate shipper rod into engagement with theshaft, B,

thus making the-shafts, A, B, fast together for rotation at one speed orreleasing them for rotation at different speeds.

In the peration of the apparatus, the

casing, G, contains 'a certain amount of liquid, while the liquidcircuit, including the pump cylinders, and thefluid pressure means foradjusting the pump cams and abutments are charged or filled with liquid.

- A certain amount of fluid leaks from the pumps, however, and toreplace this leakage, means are provided for automatically supplying thefluidto the liquid circuit so as to keep the latter charged or filled.In

'Figs. 1 and 2, the head, 0 is-s hown as having a reservoir chamber, L,the latter being provided-with a valvedfilling port, 1. In ,saidchamber, L, is a tube, M, having a perforated valve or head, m, andbelow this head is a passage, n, which leads through the head, 0 to oneof the channels 18 of the liquid circuit. The chamber, L, contains acertain amount of liquid, and when there is appreciable loss of liquidin. the exhaust channel 18 of :the liquid circuit, the liquid may passfrom the chamber, L, past the valve or head, m, and: through thepassage, nyintothe liquid circuit. a

The operation of the'apparatus, so 'far as -30. concerns many of thefeatures thereof, Will be readily understood from the foregoingdescription, but reference will now, be. made to some of the advantageswhich are of particular importance when the mechanism is used inconnection with-an, automobile.

It frequentlyhappensthatthe engine in full operation, while the car isatre's't. Under such conditions, the 'drivingpump of the transmissionmechanism maybe thrown 40 out of service by adjusting the pump camorabutment, D, to a .plane at right angles to' the shaft, A, or thedriven pump may in like manner be thrown out of service by adjustingcam.21'; or both pumps may be in use by adjusting the cams or abutmentsto inclined positions (at different angles to their respective shafts),in which. case the liquid is forced to circulate. Assuming that thecontrolling valves, F, are wide open, that the abutment 21 of the drivenpump is in an inclined position, and that abutment, D, is less inclined(thereby giving'it a relatively' less pumping capacity), but otherwisepositioned as in Fig. 1, and that the brakes,

- 5 G, H, are both released from the casing, theliquid is forced throughthe channels 17, 18 {of the head, 0 and thepump barrelsof the pumps, D,E, and acts to impart rotary mo tion to the casing, C, such rotation ofthe casing'being in an opposite direction to that of the shaft, A, andthe member 11 'ofthe pump abutment; the parts, D, 21, rotating with saidcasing, and the circulation ofthe liquid exerting no appreciable torqueon the driven shaft, B, so, that the car," remains rection to that .ofthe driving shaft. If de- 1 sired, however, the small amount of torqueapplied under such conditions may be prac tlcally eliminatedbydecreasing the liquid discharge of the pump or pumps attached toshaft, A, or eliminating the stroke of the pump attached to shaft, B.When, however, the cams are set at opposite inclinations with respect tothe casing, or the driving pump is adjusted-for greater pumping capacitythan the driven pump, said casing will go forward. Whenthe car isstationary and both cams -properly inclined, the cam of the driving,however, being set at a greater inclination than theca n of the drivenshaft, the casing will revolve backward; but, when the mechanismisadjusted to back, the casing will revolve forward. Furthermore, when themechanism is set to go forward, go but the driving pump adjusted to pumpmore liquid than the driven pump, the easing will go forward. 1 Forstarting the car forward without jarring and jolt-ing, the engine, pump,D,;and. 5 casing, C, running as described, the operation consists ingradually applying the brake, G, or gradually closing the valves, F,

in the liquid circuit, or both operations may be performedsimultaneously. The application of said brake to the casing, 0, reducesthe speed of said casing, or arrests the motion thereof, (the abutment21 becoming fixed) so as to eliminate the liquid slip in the circuit 17,18; and the liquid .is thus 5 forced through the circuit and through thepiston chambers of the driven pump, E, thus transmitting its power toshaft, B. The partial closing of the valves, F, retardsor impedes thefull and free circulation of the liquid through the circuit and thepump, E, and the liquid is thus choked in the 1iquid passages, theresult being that the torque exerted by thepump, E, on the driven shaft,

B, is increased and the casing or drum, (3, 1 5

.is caused to rotate, at reduced backwardi speed, or in the samedirectioh as the engine shaft; it being understood that the brake orbrakes are released from said" casing, and that the car is to be movedin -a'- ,forwardldi- 12o rection. The pump, D, "nowfoperates- (the cams,D, 21 being both inclined to the positionsof Fig. 1, -11. being at, a-ljess variation to a' right angle than- 21'5) to. force the liquid throughthe channel .17.,and'3to exhaustit 125,

through the channel- 18, "whereupon the pump, E, operated by thepressure of thecirculating hquid, imparts rotary inotion' to shaft, B,in' the same direction as that of shaft,

A. The speed of shaft, B, however, is less than that of shaft, A, thereason being that the power exerted by the engine shaft, A, is divided,a part of said power being utilized to drive the rotary casing, whichcarries abutment 21, and the remainder operating to propel the pump, E,faster than the casing. The car may thus be started without undue jar orjolt and with little or no strain on the parts of the car. The reason,more specifically stated, why the speed of the driven shaft, B, is lessthan that of the driving or engine shaft, LA, is because of the shorterstroke of the piston of the driven pump, or because of the backwardrotation of the casing, according to conditions of operation. The speedof the driven shaft may be regulated, however, by adjusting the valves,F, or by increasing the pumping capacity of the driving pumps. \Vhen thecar is running with the valves, F, partly closed, the speed may bevaried by shifting the pump cams, D, or lit-o vary the relative strokesof the pistons of the pumps, D or E. Then, again, the valves, F, may bestill fur ther closed, thereby impeding the liquid circulation to agreater degree, withthe result that the speed of the pumps, D and E, isreduced, with respect to the casing, and thb speed of the casingincreased, the speed of the driven shaft being thereby increased butwith reduced torque. The apparatus is thus under the complete control ofthe operator,-

and it may be easily regulated to vary the speed of the driven shaftrelative to that of the driving shaft at any point between slow speed upto the full speed of the engine shaft or at greateixspeed.

To cause the driven shaft, B, to rotate at higher speed than the drivingshaft, A, the

casing, C, must be held against forward. rotation, and the capacity of'pun1p, D, increased above that of pump, it, In the variousmanipulations of the apparatus, the casing, C, may, under somecircumstances, tend to rotatebackward; but this tendency may be overcomeby adjusting the automa ic brake, H, to such position that its shoes notto automatically oppose any backward motion, but leave the casing fleeto rotate in a forward direction.

The driving of shafts, A and B, at the Same speed without internalrelative movement of the parts, thereby causing all parts to revolve asa unit, may be accomplished in a variety of ways. One method is to closethe valves, F, thereby stopping the passage of liquid therethrough,whereupon the easing, C, is driven from shaft. A, and pump, D, and, inturn, said casing drives pump, E, and shaft, B. The operation justdescribed, however, keeps the liquid under. pressure, and, in order torelax this pressure, the shafts, A, B, may either be coupled together,by the central clutch, (shown in Fig. 10) or be coupled to the casing ordrum, C, by the end clutches, (shown, also, in Fig. 10).. In

these modes of operation the 'aslng, C, ro-

tates wit-h the shafts, A and B, the said shafts, with the entireapparatus, rotating as a unit. The coupling of either shaft, A or B, tothe casingwill accomplish direct drive, but without relieving thepressure on the liquid. In accomplishing direct drive, the valves, F,may be closed, gradually, un-

til the full speed is attained, and casing and shafts rotate as a unit,whereupon the clutch or clutches are operated, whereby the union of thetwo shafts, A, B, is efiected without jolting or strain.

As premised in this description, the invention is adapted to be used asa reverse gear, or for propelling the car in a backward direction. Tosecure this result, the casing or drum, 0, is held against rotation byapplying the brake; G, thereto, and by reversing the position of the camor abutment in either thedriving pump, D, or the driven pump, E, inother words, arranging said abutments in. such manner that the liquidsupplied by pump, E, will cause the shaft, B, to rotate infoppositedirection to shaft, A. Should this adjustment involve the positioning ofcam 21 as shown in Fig. 1, but reversing the position of cam, D, thenthe circulation of the liquid, being reversed, will be from pump,

D,through passage 18, thence through pump,

E, back to pump, D, through passage 17.

It will be apparent from the foregoing description that when theapparatus is operated so as to secure a variable speed between theengine shaft, A, and the driven shaft, B, the casing being held againstbackward rotation by the brakes, the power of said driving shaft, A, istransmitted to the driven shaft, B,-with variable speeds and torques,dependent upon the adustment of the relative capacities of the pumps, Dand E, valves, F, and brakes,-G and H.

It is often advantageous to have the shaft, A, rotate at any speedwithout exerting appreciable torque on the shaft, B. This isaccomplished by slip, and in'either of the following ways, or by acombination of them, the casing being left free to rotate. The cam,D,may be set at a right angle to the shaft, A, whereby the rotationthereof will not cause any action of thepistons. and accordingly, nopumping of liquid. The cam 21. may be set at right angles to the shaft,B, so that the rotation of the casing and the pump parts attached to itand to the shaft, A, and the liquid pressures will inno wise tend torotation of part 20 i and the shaft, B. The casing being free to rotate,even if both cams, D, and 21 be set at angles other, than right anglesto their respective shafts, the only torque imparted to shaft, B, wouldbe that necessary torotate the casing which would rotate in thedirection of least resistance.

- assess;

In case of the operation of the mechanism in such a manner that thespeed of shaft, B,

' shall not exceed the speedof shaft, A, the

q be held still with respect to the machine and case may 'or may notbeheld still with respect to either'the' shaft orithe machine,

For convenience we will call this normal operation. When greater speed18 desired mshaft, B, than in shaft, A, the casing must the cam 21 mustbe 'neaner at a right angle to shaft, B, than cam D, is toshaft, A. Thatis to say, onerevolution of shaft, A,

should move more liquidthrough the circuit than would be necessary toproduce one rev olution of shaft, B. v

While reference. has been made to several methods of operating themechanism, whereby useful and important results are secured,

yet it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that said mechanismmay be manipu-- lated in various other ways to meet the many conditionswhich arise in automobiles; Reference will be made, however, to theutilization of the mechanism as a brake.

In using the mechanism as a .ositive brake, the casing must be heldagainst r0- tation Shaft, B, being then driven by the momentum of thecar, the amount of liquid which its pump, E, can pump through thestationaryliquid circuit, during a giventime, will determine the speedat which said I shaft, B, rotates. By partly or wholly closing theliquid circuit, by means of valves, F, the shaft, B, can be eitherstopped or its speed controlled. If cam, D, is positioned .at rightangles to shaft,

A, said shaft may be allowed to continue its free rotation, while shaft,B, is held fixed. It will bd observed that the same result maybesecured, Without the use of va-lv F, by the adjustment of cam, -D', asafo-esaid, but with undesirably high-speeds of engineshaft, A, beforethe cam, D, reac hes the position at right angles to shaft, A, It willbe observed,

moreover, that withput using the brake, or the valves, F, thecginpression ofthe engine may be availed 'of to retard the car, as iscommon practice with numerous forms of transmission mechanism now inuse.

It will be understood that no attempt has been made in the foregoingspecification to Letters Patentis:

describe all the uses and a'dvanta es of the invention; and, further,that I 0. not intend to restrict myself to the specific forms of pumps,valves, etc, shown and described,

but claim the'right. to substitute equivalent devices for any or allparts of the-'mecha- I msm.

Havin thus fully described the invention, what .I c aim asnew, anddesire to secure by 1. In an apparatus of the classdescribed,

a'rotatable member provided with a liquid circuit, reciprocating pumpsin cooperative relation to said circuit, dr ving and driven Jmotion ofacne member to the other at variablespeeds orthe chambered rotatablememdriving'and driven 'members, a rotatable means for controlling thecirculation of members, pumps incased in said" drum or .in mberscotperating with ai pumps, and

means for controlling the rotation of said circuit carrying memberwhereby it may o a wi h aid drivin an d iv n members, or tlie pumpsmaybe operated to drive one member from the other member.

2;. In an apparatus of the class described, driving and driven members,reciprocating pumps cooperating therewith, a chambered rotatable member,independent of said driving'and driven members, provided with a liquidcircuit which .coiiperates with said pumps, and means for controllingthe circulationpf liquid in said circuit, whereby the pumps ,are adapted:to transmit the drive the driven memberand also cooper ting with theliquid circuit, meansoperated at will for controllingthe rotation of,said drum or casing-and separate means for varying the capacity ofeither-of said pumps.

4, In an. apparatus of the class described,

casing provided with a member intermediate its ends, said casing beingindependent of. said driving and driven members, a liquid circuit insaid member of the rotatable casing, pumps cooperating with'the liquidcircuit in said intermediate member of the cas ing, on'e of said pumpsbeing operated by the driving member and the other pump cooperating withthe driven member, and

liquid in said circuit. v

.5. In an apparatus of the class described,

a rotatable drum or casing provided with member intermediate its ends, aliquid circuit in said member, driving and driven casing and cooperatingwith'the liquid circuit in said intermediate member, means forregulating the circulation of liquid. in said circuit, and means for,arresting the rotation ofsaid l V I 6. In an apparatus of the? classdescribed, driving and driven members, a casing provided with amember-intermediate its ends, said casin being independent'of' the driverotate therewith or to rotate independently of either ofthem, \a liquidcircuit in the intermediatc member-of said casing, a driving I a liquidpump operated by said driving mem- 130 I25 ing and riven membersIai-i'dadapted to her, a liquid driven ump cooperating with the driven member,0th of said pumps being in cooperative relation, also, with said liquidcircuit, and means for opening and closing said liquid circuit, wherebyliquid may be locked in the apparatus, and the casing with the pumpscaused to rotate as a .unit with the driving and driven members.

7. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum or casing,provided with a member. intermediate its ends, a liquid circuit in saidmember, driving and driven mclnbers, pumpscincased in said drum orcasing and cooperating with the liquid cir-' cuit in said intermediate.member, means for controlling the circulation in said circuit, andindependent means whereby the apparatus may be caused to rotate as aunit and the liquid released from pressure.

8. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum or casingprovided with a member intermediate its ends, a liquid circuit in saidmember, driving and driven members, pumps incased in said drum or casingand cooperating with the liquid circuit in said intermediate member,means for controlling the circulation in said circuit, and couplingmeans independent of the liquid controlling means for making the pumpsand the casing rotate as a unit with said driving and driven members.

9. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum or casingprovided with a transverse head intermediate its ends, a liquid circuitin said head, driving and driven shafts, reciprocating pumps incased rnsaid drum or casing, each pump cooperatmg wlth one of said shafts andwith the liquid circuit, and valve mechanism carried by said head forcontrolling the circulation of liquid in said circuit.

10. In an apparatus of the class described,

- a rotatable drum or casing provided with a liquid circuit intermediateof its ends, valve mechanism interceptin the liquid circuit, drlvmg anddriven shafts, and reciprocating pumps in said drum or casing, eachcooperating with one of said shafts and with said circuit.

11. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum 'or casingprovided with a liquid circuit intermediate of its ends, valve mechanismintercepting the liquid circuit, driving and driven shafts,reciprocating pumps each cooperating with one of said shafts and withsaid circuit, and brake mechanism cooperating with said casing.

12. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum or casingprovided with a liquid circuit intermediate of its ends, valve mechanismintercepting the liquid circuit, driving and driven shafts,reciprocating pumps each cooperating with one of said shafts and withsaid circuit, and an automatic brake cooperating with said casing.

13. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum or casingprovided with a liquid circuit intermediate of its ends, valve mechanismintercepting the liquid circuit, driving and driven shafts,reciprocating pumps each cooperating with one of said shafts and withsaid circuit, and an automatic brake cooperating with said casing, saidautomatic brake tending to restrain the casing from rotating in onedirection and being releasable at will from said casing.

14:. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum or casingprovided with a liquid circuit intermediate of its ends, valve mechanismintercepting the liquid circuit, driving and driven shafts,reciprocating pumps .each cooperating with one of said shafts and withsaid circuit, and brake mechanism operatableat will for locking saidcasing from rotation. v

15. In an apparatus of the classdescribed, a rotatable drum or casingprovided with 'a liquid circuit intermediate of its ends, valvemechanism intercepting the liquid circuit, driving and driven shafts,reciprocating pumps each cooperating with one of said shafts and withsaid circuit, and clutch mechanism whereby said drum or casing isadapted for unitary rotation with said Shafts.

16. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum or casingprovided with a liquid circuit intermediate of its ends, valve mechanismintercepting the liquid circuit, driving and driven shafts,reciprocating pumps each cooperating with one ofsaid shafts and withsaid circuit, and clutch mechanism for directly coupling said shafts.

17. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum or casingprovided with a liquid circuit intermediate of its ends, valve mechanismintercepting the liquid circuit, driving and driven shafts,reciprocating pumps each cooperating with one of said shafts and withsaid circuit, and clutch mechanism for coupling the casing to theshafts.

18. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum or casingprovided with a liquid circuit intermediate of its ends, valve mechanismintercepting the liquid circuit, driving and driven shafts,reciprocating pumps each cooperating with one of said shafts andwith'said circuit, and a plurality of clutches whereby the. shafts maybecoupled directly and the casing coupled to said shafts. i

19. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum or casingprovided with a liquid circuit intermediate ofits ends, valve mechanisminterceptin the liquid circuit,- driving and driven s lafts,reciprocating pumps each cooperating with one of said shafts and withsaid circuit, and a plurality of brake devices cooperating with saidcas- 50 v with said circuit and'one of:

ing or drum, one of said brake devices being operated at will, andanother of said brake devices operating automatically to hold saidcasin'gfrom rotation in one direction.

20. In an apparatus of the class described, a casing or drum cuitintermediate its ends, driving and driven shafts, reciprocating umpseach cooperating'witli-one shaft and with said circuit,-'one of saidpumps-having a shiftable gcam or abutment, and-fluid operated means Vthe :circuit intermediate its ends,

operating with one shaft :cam or abutment, a'column of fluid one of saidpumps tion of-saldshiftable cam or abutment.

driven shafts, multiple piston for changing the position of saidshiftable cam or abutment. f 21. In an apparatus of the class described,

a casing or drum provided with a liquid driving and driven shafts,reciprocatin (pumps each cog an cult, one of said pumps having ashiftable and means operated by held under pressure by for changing theposi- 22. In anapparatus of the class described,

with said cirprovided with a liquid 'cir areciprocating piston pumphavinga shift-- able cam or abutment whereby the pump maybe reversed,means operated by a column of fluid under pressurefor changing ositionof, said cam or abutment, and regu atingimeuns tendingto normallymaintain the liquid column in-a condition to exert its pressure in agiven direction irrespective ofthe direction which the pump is operatingto force ea liquid,

23. In an apparatus of the class described, a casing having pressure andexhaust channels, multiple piston with said channels, ing a shiftableerated means connected with said cam or abutment, means whereby ismaintained between the the position of said cam or abutment.

pumps cooperating one of said pumps havcam or abutment, fluid opa columnof liquid: channels and said; 'fluid operated means, and valve.mechanism fordirecting the column of liquid to change- 24.!In anapparatus of the class described, I a drum or casing-provided with aliquid circuit intermediate its ends, driving and pumps incased by saiddrum and each 'coiiperating said shafts,

one of said pumps having a shiftable cam or -abutment,i-means forchanging the position of the cam or abutment, and means for con-Jtrolling the circulation of liquid in said, cir; cuit, the aforesaiddrum or casin'g being free to rotate with'respect to either of saidshafts and :also capable. of unitary rotation with both of said shafts.

. 25. In an apparatus of the class described, driving and drivenmembers, a casing or drum free to rotate with respect to-either of saidmembers and capable of unitaryrotation therewith, a reciprocating pistonpump coiiperating driving member will for reversing its action,

and the casing and a reciprocating piston pump cooperating with thedriven member and the casing for communicating the motion of one memberto the other member, one of said pumps having means controllable at willfor reversing its action, and means for controlling the rotation of saiddrum or casing whereby it may be driven by one member to impart motionto the other member at a speed corresponding to that of the drivingmember. n A

26. In an apparatus of-the class described, driving and driven members,a casing -'or drum free to rotate with respectto either of said membersand capable of unitary rotation therewith, means incased by the drum fortransmitting motion, at reduced speed, from one member to the othermember, said transmitting means being adapted to var-y the relativespeeds of the two members, and means for controlling the rotation ofsaid drum or casing whereby it may be caused to rotatewwith one or bothof said members. 27. In an apparatusof the class described, driving anddriven shafts, a casing or drum shafts, a reciprocating piston pumpcooperating with the driving shaft and with the at a reduced speed, tothe other shaft, one of said pumps having means controllable at and saidcasing being adapted to rotate relative to both of said shafts while oneof themis at-rest, and means for securin unitary rotation of said casingor drum with said shafts and at approximately thespeed thereof.

supported for rotation relative to said shafts, a reciprocating pistonpump cooperating with the driving shaft and; the casing or drum andanother reciprocating piston pump cooperating with the driven' shaft andsaid casing or drum, wherebvthe motion of the driving shaft-maybetransmitted, at a reduced speed, to the driven shaft, means whereby theefficiency of the aforesaid transmitting means may be increasedordecreased to vary the speed of the driven shaft relative to thedriving shaft, and means whereby the rotation of the casing or drum maybe controlled, or said drum may becaused to have unitary rotation withsaid shafts.

'29. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum or casingprovided with a member intermediate its ends, a liquid circuit in saidmember, driving and driven members, pumping mechanism cooperating withthe liquid circuit in said intermediate member, means for regulating the"circulation of liquid in said circuit, and means for arresting therotation of'said casing.

supported for rotation with respect to said for communicating the motionof one shaft,

28. In an apparatus the class described, driving and driven shafts, acasing or drum 30. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatabledrum or casing provided with a member intermediate its ends, a liquidcircuitin said member, driving and driven members, pmnping mechanismcooperating with the liquid circuit in said intermediate member, meansfor controlling the circulation in said circuit, and independent meanswhereby the apparatus may be caused to 1'0- tatc as a unit and theliquid released from pressure.

31. In an apparatus of the class described, a rotatable drum or casingprovided with a liquid circuitintermediate of its ends, driving anddriven members, reciprocating pumps each cooperating with one of saidmembers and with said circuit, brake mechanism operative to restrain, orto control, the rotation of the casing, and means, separate from theliquid circuit, to cause all parts of the mechanism to rotate as a unit.7

32. In an apparatus of the class described, driving and driven members,a casing or drum free to rotate with respect to either of said membersand capable of unitary rotation therewith, a reciprocating piston pumpcooperating with the driving member and with said casing or drum andanother reciprocating piston pump cooperating with the driven member andsaid casing or drum for transmitting motion, at reduced speed, from onemember to the other member, one of said pumps having means adapted tovary tlu relative speeds of the two members and operating also toreverse the direction of said pump, and means for controlling thedirection and speed of rotation of said casing or drum, or forrestraining it against rotation.

33. In an apparatus of the class described, driving and driven members,apump cooperating with one member, said pump having means for var 'ingits pumping capacity, another pump cooperating with the other member, acasing independent of said members and rotatable with respect thereto,and means for controlling the rotation of said casing.

In an appa atus of the class described, driving and driven members, apump cooperating with one member, another pump cooperating with theother member, said second pump having associated therewith means forvarying its pumping capacity, a casing independent of said members androtatable with respect thereto, and means for controlling the rotationof said casin 35. In an apparatus of the class described, driving anddriven members, a pump coopcrating with one member, another pumpcooperating with the other member, each pump having means associatedtherewith for varying the pumping capacity thereof independently of theother pump, a casing independent of said members and rotatabletherewith, and means for controlling the rotation of said casing.

36. In an apparatus of the class described,

driving and driven members, two cotSperat-Y ing pump structures theinlet and exhaust ports of which are in a member directly between saidpump structures, a casin -independent of said pump structures anrotatable with respect thereto, means for con-" trolling the rotation ofsaid casing, andmeans for controlling the flow of liquid from one pumpstructure to the other pump structure.

37. I11 an apparatus of the class described, driving and driven members,two cooperating pump structures, theinlet andexhaust ports of which arein a member positioned directly between saidpumps valve mechanism forcontrolling the' flow of liquid through said ports, a casing independentof the members and rotatable with respect thereto, and means forcontrolling the rotation of said casin 38. In an apparatus of the classdescribed, driving and driven members, two cooperating pump structures,the inlet and exhaust ports of which are in a member positioned directlybetween said pumps, valve-mecha nism 'for controlling the flow of liquidthrough said ports, a casing independent of the members and jrotatablewith respect thereto, the brake mechanism for locking said casingagainst rotation in either direction 39. In an apparatus of the classdescribed, driving and driven members, two cooperating pump structures,the inlet and exhaust ports of which are in a member positioned directlybetween said. pumps, a casing independent of said members and rotatablewith respect thereto, valve mechanism carried by the casing and adaptedfor controlling th How of liquid through the ports of the two pumps, andmeans for controlling the rotation of said casing.

In testimony. whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES SNOW KELLOGG.

\Vitnesses v J AS. H. GRIFFIN, H. 1.: BERNHARD.

